International Federation Of State High School Athletes

Literature Review Relevance Participation in sports has steadily increased throughout the decades. As more and more major professional sports franchises continue to eclipse the one billion mark in value, the fame and wealth that can be obtained by reaching the profession ranks becomes irresistible to many students who have a passion for athletics. For some of these students, reaching the professional ranks is way to pull their family out of the lower class, and into the higher echelon of the upper class. For others, simply competing against the best in the world is a dream come true. The National Federation of State High School Association (NFHS), as reported a twenty-six year increase in the participation of high school athletics (NFHA, 2015). As the general popularity of athletics increases, so does the level of participation in high school athletics. The odds of making the professional ranks, however, are slim to none, as only 6% of high school student-athletes go on to play at the collegiate level (NC AA, 2015). Therefore, states, communities, educators, and parents continue to stress academics before athletics. In fact, when we address athletes in school, we address them as student-athletes. Numerous studies have been conducted throughout the years that highlight the benefits of participating in school-sponsored athletics. The benefits encompass a broad range of outcomes, from improvements in personal characteristics, to academic performance. AcademicShow MoreRelatedSports And Physical Activity Play1699 Words   |  7 Pageswork ethic which can be reflected in school work or grades. However, according to the National Federation of State High School Associations, there is still lack of support from the public when it comes to supporting high school sports and activities programs. This is due to the belief that these activities only undermine the educational missions of schools and are a waste of money. However, extra-curricular or co-curricular activities are an extension of school educational programs, meaning they benefitRead MoreThe Evolution Of Pep Squads852 Words   |  4 Pagestransferring from Princeton University, where he learned several chants and cheers fro m a guy named Johnny Campbell. Campbell formed the first ever pep squad at a Princeton vs. Rutgers game in 1869. The all-male squad gained national attention, and other schools and universities, such as the University of Minnesota, developed their own teams. Around the 1920’s, students started adding simple stunts, tumbling, and jumps to their cheers to entertain the crowd more. They added pom poms, french for â€Å"tuft of ribbonsRead MoreFifa Women s World Cup Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesdollars, that’s what the German National Soccer team made last year for winning the World Cup. The World Cup is one of the most prestigious accomplishments in any sport. The players in the World Cup are some of the hardest working, highest paid athletes in the world. These players are paid tremendous amounts of money by their club, their country, and FIFA. However this is not the only World Cup, on a different four year rotation is the FIFA Women’s World Cup. The women i n the World Cup are treatedRead MoreSports And Game : The Game Of Basketball1495 Words   |  6 Pagesworld have have been competing as a hobby, but also as entertainment for others. The game of basketball is one of todays fastest growing international sports, and is loved by all ages, male or female. Today, some 400 million people worldwide play basketball, making it the second-most popular sport in the world, according to the International Basketball Federation (qtd in CBS). Basketball is a game that not only requires physical abilities, but also requires skill and stamina. To many, basketball isRead MoreCheerleading Is A Sport?1257 Words   |  6 PagesKelsey Foiles Ms. Ray Junior English Jan. 1, 2017 Cheerleading is a Sport Cheerleading is one of the leading causes of catastrophic injuries in female athletes in high school and college levels, yet people still argue that it is not a sport and how â€Å"easy† it is. Reasons cheer is not labeled a sport yet is because all of the benefits that would need to be provided for cheer teams because of title IX, the primary purpose of cheer (not competing), and the fact that cheerleading would not exist if theyRead More Drug Testing is Not a Violation of Individual Rights Essay2669 Words   |  11 PagesEvery day companies lose millions of dollars due to employee drug use. Athletes break world records with gargantuan strength, but not on a fair scale. Drugs ruin the lives of users and cause injury to those who must work with users. Detection by officials is necessary to curb this problem. When does the safety for others violate the rights of drug users? Drug testing, whether in the workplace or on the athletic field, is not a violation of civil rights. In 1988, the National Institute onRead MoreSteroid Hormones And Its Effects On The Body2137 Words   |  9 Pagesoccurred since the time of the original Olympic Games (from 776 to 393 BC). The origin of the word doping is attributed to the Dutch word dope, which is a viscous opium juice, the drug of choice of the ancient Greeks. The ancient Greek Olympic athletes also experimented with herbal medications, drank wine potions, used hallucinogens and ate animal hearts or testicles to enhance their performances. Gladiator competitions and chariot racer s in 100 AD feed their horses substances such as hydromelRead MoreThe Sport of Cheerleading847 Words   |  3 Pagescheerleading started as an all-male sport. Whereas now, most males think that it is a girls sport. In 1877, Princeton University had a â€Å"Princeton Cheer†. It was yelled by the students from the stands. It was also yelled by the baseball and football athletes themselves. Thomas Peebles, Princeton graduate, move d to Minnesota with the idea of organized crowds cheering at football games to the University of Minnesota. In 1898, Johnny Campbell directed a crowd cheering, making him the very first cheerleaderRead MoreThe Advancement Of Women s Sports964 Words   |  4 Pagesof 125 members of the International Olympic Committee are women (Parliamentary Assembly, 2005). This is barely 9.6%--not even one in ten. More importantly, though, Discrimination against women is particularly perceptible in the realm of pay. Fourteen of the delegations which replied to the questionnaire said that pay, prize-money and bonuses were awarded by national authorities on the basis of athletes merits and performances. Yet the rewards granted by the federations themselves, and more particularlyRead MoreSecretary Of Defense Ashton Carter1742 Words   |  7 Pagesamount of grey area for transgender individuals serving. (United States Department of Defense). Recently, Carter attempted to eliminate the grey area by changing the Pentagon policy to allow transgender Americans to serve openly in the military, with all reassignment costs paid for by the government. The Defense Department policy states if service members’ abilities to serve are hindered by a â€Å"medical condition or treatment related to their gender

Motivation Of A Team Sport Essay - 1104 Words

The second topic that we covered in the course was motivation in sport, focusing on what gets someone motivated and what can keep their motivation; as well as the different types of motivation that exist. As I mentioned in the earlier paper, I am not currently part of a team sport, or any sport for that matter. However, I do go to the gym at least three to four times a week and I am also in school. So while motivation does not apply to be in the sport setting, it applies to me in terms of my working out and school commitment. When looking at motivation, I can see that there are a few factors that apply directly to my situation like, being intrinsically motivated, having competence and also recognize that there are variations in my motivation intensity. Going to the gym is rough on your body because you are physically pushing your abilities every time, adding more weight and challenging yourself. It is not always so glamorous. With all of these motivational factors combined, these are the reasons that I keep going back to the gym every time, even if it leaves me sore and tired the next day. There are three main types of motivation, each of which are very different. These three are amotivation, which is the absence of motivation, intrinsic motivation, which is when you’re motivated internally, and extrinsic motivation, when you’re motivated by external things like rewards. I notice that I have a little of extrinsic motivation but I definitely have more of intrinsic motivation.Show MoreRelatedLeadership Scale For Sports Developed By Chelladurai And Saleh1274 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership has an impactful presence on the participation of sport. Various leadership styles and tendencies are displayed by coaches and administrators and we look to examine how these dimensions of leadership correlate with participant responsiveness, satisfaction, and motivation. In addition to the effects of leadership on participation, the effectiveness of multi-dimensional leaders will be discussed as well as the examination of leadership behaviors that yield the most satisfa ctory resultsRead MoreTheme Of Psychology In The Movie The Sandlot1187 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The Sandlot† is a classic baseball movie in which incorporates a significant amount of sport psychology. Digging deeper down into the details of the movie, you will notice various levels of motivation, leadership, goal-setting, and teamwork. All of these aspects are essential to being successful in sports, mentally and physically. â€Å"The Sandlot† is a movie about a boy, (Scottie Smalls) who is new to the town and motivated to make new friends. Smalls decided to try to make friends with a groupRead MoreMotivation in Sports1245 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation in sports is why people do what they do. It is also the direction and intensity of one’s effort and determination to achieve. The more motivated one is, the more likely one is to succeed. Sports—which involve emotion, competition, cooperation, achievement, and play—provide a rich area for psychological study. People involved in sports attempt to master very difficult skills, often subjecting themselves to intense physical stress as well as social pressure. research has expandedRead MoreThe Impact Of Sports On Sport On Society1263 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Participation in sport is a significant aspect of leisure activity in our society (Filo, Funk, O’Brien, 2008). Additionally, sporting events influence millions of people and create a worldwide phenomenon- sport fandom (Keaton Honeycutt, 2014). The emotions of sport fans rise and fall with their favorite team’s performance. Sometimes they exhibit unimaginable behaviors, such as taking off clothing in cold weather to celebrate the wins, bearing monsoon rains to buy a final ticket,Read MoreChildren in Sports Develop Life Skills Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesChildren in Sports Develop Life Skills Sport is defined as an athletic activity requiring skill or physical prowess and often a competitive nature (Webster’s). Since the creation of man, sports have played a huge part in the way people live their lives. The world today is consumed by sports. What is it about the competition and the games that make us so drawn to something that consumes so much of our time? From the time we are born, until the time we die, most of us are in some way involvedRead MoreThe Challenge of Managing Volunteers and Sports Event Workforce1855 Words   |  7 PagesManaging Volunteers and Sports Event Workforce Introduction / Orientation Over the decades, the role of volunteerism and sports has been increasingly brought to the forefront. This is because, many sports have become an area where billions of dollars are made every single year off of: the event, licensing and merchandising. Yet at the same time, volunteers will have a major impact in determining the success of the outcome. A good example of this can be seen with observations from Bang (2009)Read MoreThe Most Important Part Of A Team1338 Words   |  6 PagesThe amount of action happening backstage of a sport is really exhausting. There s multiple steps and knowledge that has to be put in play. Coaches are probably the most important part of a team. They are the ones that lead the team towards the main goal. One may think that winning is the main key to success, but it is definitely not. It takes effort to be in a team but it takes a person with a lot of patience, courage, and understanding to be a coach. Taking various actions like specific skillsRead MoreLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership1570 Words   |  7 PagesThe same coach may have one style of leadership for different teams in the same sport depending on the players’ ages, nationalities, gender, and personalities (Weinberg Gould, 2015, p. 212-213). To recognize the consequences of leadership using Chelladurai’s model, the research to determine the type of leadership a coach should demonstrate for team satisfaction, should include satisfaction, cohesion, performance, and intrinsic motivation (Weinberg Gould, 2015, p. 213-214). There are five modelsRead MoreSports : Sports And Sporting Activities1568 Words   |  7 Pagesemphasis placed on sports and sporting activities. Every public school, middle and up, offers some sporting program, and most private schools do as well. The real issue at question is whether sports are affecting the education of students and young adults, who may have carried their sporting career into college. In general, people of all ages spend a lot of time both in person and on TV watching sports, not to mention those who are actively participating in the sporting event. With sports taking up mostRead MoreMotivation, Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation756 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation is a very important factor no matter what sport you coach or what the team or athlete g oals are. A true coach must be able to understand their athlete and be able to tap into their motivation, maximizing their performance. Chapter four was written about two particular types of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic. No matter what theory you believe, all theories boil down to these two types of motivation. Knowing the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, can help you hone

Internet Research Assignment High Teen Pregnancy Rate

Internet Research Assignment The first article came from the Dallas Observer and is titled, â€Å"Here’s How to Fix Texas’ Sky-High Teen Pregnancy Rate† (http://www.dallasobserver.com/news/heres-how-to-fix-texas-sky-high-teen-pregnancy-rate-7626551). The author of the article, Eric Nicholson, is extremely critical of Texas’ sexual education program and voices his criticism with heavy use of sarcasm. This September 28, 2015 article was prompted by Texas’ recent decision to provide low-income teenagers with access to free birth control. The author praises the decision and is hopeful it will help reduce Texas’ high birthrate which â€Å"puts Texas in the company of such bastions of progressive public-health policy as Mississippi, Arkansas and Oklahoma.† Mr. Nicholson also notes that five Dallas ZIP codes recently received a loan from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to help combat teen pregnancy. While he is optimistic that these changes will reduce t he teen pregnancy rate, he also points out that â€Å"expanding access to contraception and improving education †¦ are hardly groundbreaking techniques in the fight against unintended pregnancy.† For Mr. Nicholson, these are nothing but first steps which should have been taken long ago. He then proceeds to discuss five ways in which Texas can do even more to combat the high teen pregnancy rates in Texas. He first suggests that rather than deferring to parents on matters of sex and HIV education which inevitably means manyShow MoreRelatedHealth And Social Service Programs1235 Words   |  5 PagesBackground: Adolescent pregnancy, primarily occurring in ages 13-18 years, has a negative impact on the physical, psychological, educational, and economic area of the pregnant girls. Objective: To evaluate some health and social service programs that can reduce American adolescent Pregnancy from Ages 13- 18 and improve their quality of life. Methods: Review two research articles and to assess the overall quality of the data from the studies. Results: After the assessment of the two research articles, itRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Parenthood As A Social Problem1466 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage pregnancy and parenthood as a social problem Question – To what extent should we regard the efforts of recent governments to reduce teenage pregnancy and early parenthood as successful? * Source 1 Williams-Wheeler, D. (2004). The unplanned pregnancy book for teens and college students, Virginia Beach, VA: Sparkledoll Productions. The information gathered from this source is definitely devoted to the topic of teenage pregnancy because it is a helpful guide to those handling unplanned pregnanciesRead MoreThe Political Party At The Democratic Party1264 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Assignment Political Party Research: 1. I am attracted to the Democratic Party. I took the political party quiz and answered the questions as honestly as I could. I found the questions to be very interesting and versatile. After viewing my results I looked into The Green Party some more. I am basically an environmentalist and believe taxes are affecting the lower classes and something needs to be done about it. I agreed with all of these issues. 2. The top 5 issues are jobs, families, healthRead MoreA Society Where Everything is More Important than Education Essay examples2009 Words   |  9 Pagestwitter status and chatting with friends more important than their grades. Simply looking around a high school classroom, over half of the students will probably be sleeping, on their phones, doodling, or just not paying any attention. While statistically it may appear that test scores are improving, the reality is that America is slipping further behind in the world’s education rankings. With teens becoming more independent by procuring licenses and spending more time with their friends than familyRead MoreThe Effects Of Drinking On Underage Drinking3458 Words   |  14 Pages Effects Drinking has on Underaged Drinkers Underage drinking is the most abused substance in the U.S, and accounts for over 4,300 deaths yearly. Drinking, is not only unhealthy but even worse for developing teens. The human brain doesn’t stop developing until 25. It impairs judgment, causes brain damage, and most importantly lifestyles. Nineteen percent of underage people 16 to 20 got in the car with intoxicated drivers. This caused $68 billion dollars in medical bills. When an underage drinkerRead MoreFilipino Adolescents in Changing Times*10342 Words   |  42 Pagesundertaken, primarily national and sector-specific surveys. However, qualitative data are lacking, especially on the subject of adolescent sexuality, to explain the behavioral patterns and social trends that have emerged from the surveys. Feminist research approaches now more popular in the Philippines generate new knowledge and provide a situation that privileges the perspective, feelings and worldview of intended beneficiaries. Assessments of the effectiveness of studies showed the importance ofRead MoreCommunication Research9167 Words   |  37 PagesCommunication Research Chapter Checklist After reading this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Identify instances in which you could use or conduct communication research as a student, use or conduct communication research as a professional, and use the results of communication research in your personal life. 2. Explain the goals of research. 3. Explain the relationship of research and theory. 4. Explain communication research as a social science. 5. Describe how communication research from a socialRead MoreImpact of Print Media on Society10439 Words   |  42 Pagesposttest; and Group 4 received the pretest, treatment and posttest. The treatment consisted of the Dove Evolution film, a viral video introduced in 2006 by Dove as part of its Campaign for Real Beauty. The film has received 19 million views on the Internet in 2.5 years. A modified version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) was administered as a pretest and posttest, measuring four variables such as awareness and internaliz ation of the media ideal, pressure toRead MorePsy Evaluation Essay11057 Words   |  45 Pagesin empirical research for effectiveness? A. self-control and social skills training B. use of educational tapes, lectures, and films C. motivational enhancement strategies D. cognitive therapy ANS:B PG39 18. According to the NIAAA (National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism), about how many previously diagnosable alcoholics matured out of their dependence? A. none B. only a fraction C. one third D. most ANS:C PG39 19. According to Hester and Miller’s empirical research, the highest treatmentRead MoreUnderstanding Truancy Problem from Various Perspectives5703 Words   |  23 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0: Statement of the Problem 2 2.0: Motives and Goals 6 3.0: Research Question and Objectives 6 4.0: Literature Review 7 5.0: Research Strategies 10 6.0: Concepts 11 7.0: Data Sources, Types, and Forms 13 8.0: Selection of Data Sources 13 9.0: Data Collection and Timing 14 10.0: Data Reduction and Analysis 14 11.0: Problems and Limitation 19 12.0: Conclusion 20 13.0: References 25 14.0: Interview Question 27 UNDERSTANDING TRUANCY PROBLEM FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES. A CASE

Essay On Smoking In Public Places - 1846 Words

1) Context: Ban Smoking in Public Places The health hazards of smoking have never been unknown. There has been enough scientific evidence to prove that smokers, on an average, have shorter life spans than non-smokers. This is caused by various lung and cardiovascular problems that are caused by cigarette smoking. However, what may go unnoticed at times is the agonizing effect that the act of smoking has on non-smokers. For this reason, I am referring to second-hand smoking or also known as passive smoking, which is when someone inhales smoke from another person’s cigarette. This situation becomes unmanageable when it occurs in a public place while having no control over it. Although, there are two types of public environments that become†¦show more content†¦If the ban were to take place, it would cause consumers to look for a potential smoking area prior to smoking, which leads the buying potential to have a negative effect and it would diminish over a period of time. When people have to look for a smoking area prior to smoking, the buying potential has a negative effect and it diminishes over a period of time. However, this may become a concern for the sellers, and even though they might support the cause on an ethical level, they will withstand the ban, due to a business perspective. The ban will also have an effect on the customers, as now everyday smokers would have to go through the struggle of finding a designated smoking area to smoke even a single cigarette. This will affect his or her smoking habits in one of the two ways; the first possible outcome could be him or her struggling to find a place to smoke every time, which can decrease the frequency of smoking. This, in fact will affect the amount of money they spend on cigarettes. Which in fact, could also have a positive impact on people with families and children. The second possible outcome could be; that since a person cannot smoke in public places, he or she might go home and smoke all their cigarettes, thus affecting their family and children in a negative way. All things considered, smoking indoors and outdoors affects someone in a negative way, which puts another’s life in danger. Cigarette-manufacturing companies will most likely beShow MoreRelatedSmoking in Public Places Essay1923 Words   |  8 PagesWhy Smoking Should be Banned in Public Places. His bald head rests on a pillow. His bones from his cheeks and shoulders protrude under his skin. His mouth is open, but he cannot respond to his mother, wife or three-year-old son anymore. Doctors say there is no hope for Bryan Lee Curtis, a lung cancer victim. He started smoking when he was 13 years old and he never imagined that 20 years later, smoking would take his life away, leaving his wife and child alone. ‘’I can’t fight anymore’’, Bryan saidRead MoreThe Debate of Banning Smoking in Public Places Essays718 Words   |  3 PagesThe Debate of Banning Smoking in Public Places â€Å"There is no difference between a smoker and a suicide, only that one takes longer to kill themselves than the other†. Everyone has their rights, and if you want to smoke or not should be your choice because you are doing the damage to your own body. But if it’s supposed to be your choice and every gets their own choice then when you smoke in public places or wherever anyone is around you, you are making that choiceRead MoreEssay on Banning Smoking in Public Places720 Words   |  3 Pagesenvironment many suffer illnesses from pollution, and second hand smoke, and they seek for cleaner air. About five years ago, the health department was successful in banning smoking in public places and smokers needed to go outside unless companies set-up a designated area for smoking. Now, in Pierce County, smoking is banned in all public places such as restaurants, bars, casinos, hotels and taverns. This has caused an up roar with the business owners losing customers and money because of this ban. WithinRead MoreEssay about Smoking In Public Places - Smoking Bans550 Words   |  3 Pagesamong state and city lawmakers all over the country is the debate over whether or not smoking should be banned in public places. Many argue that allowing people to smoke in public places proposes serious health risks for innocent bystanders. Though the health risks are high, many still oppose the p roposal of such laws. Business owners presiding over such establishments as bars and restaurants worry that the smoking bans will severely hurt their revenues if passed. While this is an understandable concernRead MoreSmoking In Public Places - Smoking Ban in Iowa Essay564 Words   |  3 PagesNo Smoking at WIT Earlier in the year of 2008 my school stated that there would be no smoking allowed around their campus. This obviously flared up its fair share of supporters and non supporters. Some of the non supporters are asking if it is fair for the college to say what they can and cannot do in a public place. So is it ok for them to say no smoking on campus? I think they have every right to. According to Utilitarianism, when making a decision you should choose the one that results inRead MoreSmoking In Public Places - The Smoking Ban Backlash Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesSmoking Ban Backlash Walking down Boston’s Boylston Street at the late hours of the evening, the sidewalks are crowded with smokers taking their last hauls before entering the bars for a night of drinking. Due to the smoking ban in all public work areas that has been in effect since May of 2003, restaurant and bar patrons of Boston bear the cold winter season approaching, and reminisce about the old days where it was legal to enjoy a smoke with a cocktail at a bar. In May of 2003, BostonRead MoreEssay about Smoking In Public Places Should be Banned766 Words   |  4 Pages Do you mind people smoking around you in public places? According to the pro-smoking group Air Initiative 7 in 10 of you do. Do you think it is fair to discriminate against smokers, forcing them to stand outside and smoke? On the other hand is it fair that non-smokers should have to inhale second hand smoke which can dame their health? (Do you support this ban or do you oppose it?) Personally I oppose it as I believe that non-smokers shouldn’t be subjected to a smoky environment on a night out.Read MoreSmoking Should be Banned in Public Places Essays1464 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the past few decades it has come to light that smoking kills. The federal government mandates that every pack of cigarettes carry a warning on it that smoking can lead to health problems including death. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: â€Å"Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy.† Smoking is a danger to one’s own health but there is now evidence that smoking can affect others as well. Second hand smoke has been shown to cause cancerRead MoreEssay Smoking Should NOT Be Banned in Public Places730 Words   |  3 PagesSmoking Should Not Be Banned in Restaurants      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the perfect situation, smoking policy would be set by bar or restaurant owners, and customers would patronize the establishments with the policy they prefer. Customers would decide-without the governments help-if they want to avoid smoke-filled rooms or enter them. They might even choose to sit in an area sectioned off for smokers or non-smokers, but the ultimate issue is choice (Ruwart 1). When the government starts telling restaurantRead MoreEssay on Smoking In Public Places Should Be Banned463 Words   |  2 PagesSmoking In Public Places Should Be Banned There should be rules enforced for smoking in public places. Smokers just do not know the negative influence they are spreading. A puff of cigarette can harm a smokers health. When I go to a restaurant I do not like to leave smelling like smoke. It is the same going to a garbage dump, and smelling like garbage. I am not a smoker, and I cannot stand having the stench of smoke on my clothes. The smell of smoke is not harmful, but secondhand smoke is

Manzana Insurance Free Essays

Dear John: We definitively have some issues here at Fruitvale Branch, but there are not the ones you think. The main problems that I could identify are the followings: * TAT (Turnaround time) measurement: We are not measuring correctly the TAT. In exhibit #3 shows that the TAT for a particular week is 8. We will write a custom essay sample on Manzana Insurance or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 days (0,6+3. 4+2. 0+2. ), but this means that the process is carried as a batch process, every process must be finished in order to go to the next one, and that is not the case (The possibility is very slim (5%)4) Other observation is that the 95% STC (Standard Completion Time) used is too conservative, using the Little’s law, we can estimate a theoretical lead time of 2,1 days ( Inventory (I) = 82 requests, Job’s arrival (W) = 39 request/day, TAT = I/W). The 2,1 days is far from the 6 used by the company, losing client in this way, but it shows that we can improve the TAT number if we redesign the way we measure and handle the TAT. In our view, the absence of a unified policy for handling the incoming request en each department has made that the turnaround time for RERUNs is excessive. This situation has caused deterioration in the image of our company towards agents, which have directed their customers to other companies increasing the renewal losses from 849 in 1989 to 1. 717 in 1990 (see exhibit 3). Therefore we must: * Improve the turnaround time and the confidence in the service of our company * Implement FIFO policy in all requests for RUN, RAP, RAIN and RERUN equally * Communicate and we re-enchant the agents with our new turnaround time Capacity: We calculate first the capacities of each part of the process (see exhibit 1): Table 1 shows that the main issues are at the distribution and writing sections. The first because is at its limits in capacity and the writing section for the opposite. Although the point made seems correct, if we look at the data for regions. The information in table 2 indicates th at the demand for regions is not the same for each one of them, T1 has more demand that the others territories nd that maybe it would be a good idea to use the writers team not assigned by regions but rather as a pool of writers, taking advantage of information technologies, in order to optimize the idles times (Queue theory). Besides, might be advisable to consider having a pool of underwriting and rating team at headquarters to satisfy all the demand from branches. Exhibit 1 Table 1 Â  | Distribution | Underwriting| Rating| Writing| Demand (Jobs/day)| 39,00| 39,00| 39,00| 39,00| Average Time m (Exhibit #4) (min/Jobs)| 40,97| 28,35| 70,39| 54,79| Total Time (min/day)| 1598,01| 1105,76| 2745,10| 1602,60 (75%)| N worker| 4,00| 3,00| 8,00| 5,00| Available Capacity min/day| 1800,00| 1350,00| 3600,00| 2250,00| Utilization| 89%| 82%| 76%| 71%| Exhibit 2 Table 2| T1| T2| T3| Total| RUNs (originating as RUNs)| 162| 100| 88| 350| RAPs (incl. RAPs converted to RUNs)| 761| 513| 524| 1798| RAINs| 196| 125| 130| 451| RERUNs| 636| 840| 605| 2081| Total Requests| 1755| 1578| 1347| 4680| Exhibit 3 Branch totals| 1989| 1990| 1991 (6 months)| Agents| 79| 76| 76| Policies in force| 5201| 5004| 3946| Renewals Lost| 849| 1717| 926| Gross premiums| 33009| 35446| 17400| How to cite Manzana Insurance, Essay examples

The Age of Exploration and Expansion free essay sample

The voyage of Vasxo da Gama has customarily been seen as crucial step in the spening of trade routes to the East. Spice trade has been carried on by sea in the region since the days of the legendary queen of sheba Spice trade was being transported in Muslims ships selling from ports in india or the middle east Major impact of Islam came in the early fifteenth century with the rise of the new sultanate at Malacca The Muslim traders who had come to southeast asia for the spice trade, other would also covet that trade Catholic Europe had been confined to one area One major attempt to expand beyond those frontiers was the Crusades which largely failed Europeans had long been attracted to the East The most famous medieval travelers to the east were The polos of Venice One went to the new world to â€Å"serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich, as all mean desire to do† The expansion of Europe was a state enterprise, tired to the growth of centralized monarchies during the Renaissance By the end of the 15th century European states had a level of knowledge and technology A final spur to exploration was the growing knowledge of the wind pattern. We will write a custom essay sample on The Age of Exploration and Expansion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Portugal took the lead in exploration when it began exploring the coast of African under the sponsorship of Prince Henry. Portugal discover a new source of gold around the hump of West African Cargo that earned investors profit of several thousand percent The age of exploration and expansion. Islam-is the monotheistic religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God What was a major impact of islam? Crusades-A medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries What was the expansion of europe? Portolani- Detailed charts made by medieval navigators and mathematicians in the 13th and 14th century Who sponsored portugal? Portuguese set out to gain control fo the spice trade Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque established his headquarters a Goa Portuguese raided Arab ships, they took seven vessels, killing those on board and making some prisoners Their success was base on guns and seamanships Portuguese by no means possessed a monopoly on the use of firearms and explosives Spanish attempted to reach the same destination by sailing westward across the Atlantic Important figure in the history of Spanish exploration was a Italian from Genoa, named Christopher Columbus Columbus reach all the major islands of the Caribbean, which is called the indies Venetian seafarer, John Cabor, explored the New England coastline of the Americas Their superior weapons, organizational skills, and determination brought the comquistadors incredible success Francisco Pizarro took control of the Inca empire People in the new world were called indians Queen Isabella declared the Indians to be subjects of Castile and instituted the enomienda system Arrival of the European had a enormous impact on both the conquerors and the conquered Who established there headquarters at Goa? What was there success base on? What did columbus call the Caribbean? Enomienda- is a labor system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. In the encomienda, the crown granted a person a specified number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility. Spice trade has been carried on by sea in the region since the days of the legendary queen of sheba. Spice trade was being transported in Muslims ships selling from ports in india or the middle east. Major impact of Islam came in the early fifteenth century with the rise of the new sultanate at Malacca. The expansion of Europe was a state enterprise, tired to the growth of centralized monarchies during the Renaissance. Portuguese by no means possessed a monopoly on the use of firearms and explosives. Important figure in the history of Spanish exploration was a Italian from Genoa, named Christopher Columbus. Francisco Pizarro took control of the Inca empire. Arrival of the European had a enormous impact on both the conquerors and the conquered

Data Structure Dependent Control Flow †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Data Structure Dependent Control Flow. Answer: Introduction There are various methods by which the managers can make a decision whether to choose a particular project or reject it. Most of the projects require huge amount of investments thus it is important that while choosing the correct project the managers must take correct analytical decision based on relevant factors rather than on vague ideas. This method of judging whether a project is financially viable or not is known as capital budgeting. It is a process by which the managers can evaluate the viability of a project and whether they should invest in the same or not. It takes into consideration the total expenses and revenue from the project and takes into consideration the total time value of money to reach to a particular conclusion with respect to a project. The prospective inflows and outflows are analyzed to understand whether there is potential revenue from the same or not. This process of capital budgeting consists of several method which are very helpful to the managers like p ayback period, discounted payback period, net present value, internal rate of return and profitability index and accounting rate of return. These methods are helpful in analyzing the potential of the project and are based on logical explanations rather than on any vague approach. Out of these methods there are two methods: NPV and IRR explained hereunder to have a clear idea about the usefulness of the same for the managers to take authentic and helpful decisions for the managers of the company(Linden Freeman, 2017).In case of Volkam the same has been explained and it has been said that companies all around the world put more focus on IRR than NPV though on paper NPV is a more prominent method(Volkman, 1997) Net Present Value Method is one of the most widely used method in case of capital budgeting. It is a major change in the wealth of the investor that occurs through the course of the project taking into consideration the expenditure and the revenue of the project and also taking the time value effect on the same. It is equivalent of the net cash inflows throughout the project reduced by the initial investment that the company makes in the same. It is one of the most reliable methods of capital budgeting and is most widely used given that it covers all the aspects. It takes discounted cash flow applying the rate of discount that is needed and that helps in getting the most viable result from the same(Trieu, 2017). It takes into consideration two inputs for the project, the net projected cash flows in successive periods after applying the discount rate and the hurdle rate which is the discount rate. Both these factors help in coming to a decision whether or not to invest in the project. After calculating the net present value of the project, if it is positive one must accept the project and if it is negative then the project must be rejected. In case of projects that are mutually exclusive projects that are having higher NPV must be selected(Guragai, et al., 2017). These are the standard methods for selection of the projects through the NPV method. It helps the manager in taking decisions whether they want to invest in the project or not. The formula for calculation of NPV consists of different ways when cash inflows are even and when cash inflows are uneven. The formula is stated below: Internal rate of return is another very widely used method that helps in ascertaining the viability of a particular project for the managers of the company. It is the rate at which the managers can equate the future cash flow of the project with the initial investment of the project, thus the total net present value of the project becomes zero. It is one of the most important techniques that is used in case of investment appraisal(Werner, 2017). The method of calculation of IRR is bit complex and requires a lot of technical analysis on part of the management of the company. When it comes to making the decision, the project must be accepted only if the IRR is not less than the target internal rate of return of the management. If the IRR is less than the project must rejected. In case of mutually exclusive project, the project that is having the highest value of IRR should be accepted. The formula for calculation of IRR consists of trial error method where the rate is calculated by the same. It is bit complex but it is very advantageous for the managers of the company. The formula for the same is stated: On the main context of this assignment it is a point of concern why the managers all around the world are opting for internal rate of return for ascertaining the value of the project rather than net present value method for the project analysis. The main difference between the two methods is stated below: The NPV method ascertains the result in dollar value and IRR helps in ascertaining the percentage return that the project is expected to create. The NPV methods focus on the surplus of the project and IRR focus on the break even cash flow of the project. The NPV methods helps in making better investment decisions on the basis of the present value of the investment of the company and IRR does not gives the present value return but only provides a rate in respect of the same. Hence if seen technically NPV is a better method for investment decisions in comparison to IRR(Trieu, 2017). The reinvestment rate is different in case of NPV in case of IRR and is easier to derive then IRR. The method of NPV requires the use of a discount rate and that is not easy to derive and requires the management to adjust it based on perceived risk level that the manager feels in the course of the project. There is no such risk in case of IRR and it is easy to derive and easier to analyze. NPV is an absolute measure for any project while IRR is a relative measure for the same project. NPV is easier to understand than IRR given the method of calculation of both the figures for any particular project of a company. These are the major differences between the two methods for the calculation of the required value of the project. Even though on paper net present is a more popular method and more adverse for the calculation of the net income from the project, but managers all around the world prefers IRR more. There may be many reasons for the same however the most common for this may be that calculation of net present value requires ascertainment of a discount rate for calculating the discounted cash flow from the project, and the managers also have to take into consideration the various risk factors that may be there(Linden Freeman, 2017). In case of IRR there are no such discount rates issues thus managers prefer this method as it helps them in ascertaining a particular ground where they can break even from the given project and get a solution out of the same. This is the most common method in case of capital budgeting and helps them in getting the best results for the same. The managers use the same to take decisions whether they should accept the said project to reject the project(Kew Stredwick, 2017). These projects will take in a lot of investments and thus it is important that these decisions are taken after a lot of analysis and taking into figures a lot of factors like the total cost of the project, expenses that are born throughout the project and net result from the same. NPV is a better method on paper and also helps in taking more concrete decisions but since it is based on time value and that is taken into consideration for the same. But as we know these time factors might keep fluctuating and thus there may be chances that there might be changes in the NPV of the project as and when the project closes(Bromwich Scapens, 2016). These are the few ways in which the method of NPV fails when it comes to providing accurate results for the validation of any project for the company and taking important decisions in respect of the same. The same has been stated by Volkam in his article highlighting the same. Thus even though this method is more accurate and more correct when it comes to literature and on paper but managers all around the world prefer using IRR as their preferred method for taking important decisions in respect of any project of the company and knowing whether or not to invest their money for the same. Both the methods have their own share of advantages and disadvantages and both are highly preferred when it comes to taking investment decisions for any project of the company. This is how the managers work and can also take expert decision in choosing which method they must apply to their project and its analysis. It will help them in taking good decisions(Dichev, 2017). Conclusion On the basis of the above analysis it can be said there are many techniques of capital budgeting that helps the managers in taking important decisions in respect of any project of the company. The most popular of the two are net present value method and the IRR method that are very widely used for calculation of the net income from any project and ascertaining whether it will be viable in the long run or not(Belton, 2017). Both have their own advantages and disadvantages but manager prefer IRR more than NPV because it does not include ascertainment of any rate and thus there is no assumptions involved in the same. Thus we see that both the methods are good in some way or the other but since calculation of IRR is easy in comparison to NPV the managers prefer the same(Abbott Kantor, 2017). There is less risk in calculation of IRR then in NPV. IRR gives better results than NPV as the time factor is not involved in the same. These are the few reasons why the companies and the managers p refer IRR as a method in comparison of NPV. But with advancement in financials and new approaches being discovered the managers are looking for newer and better methods that helps them in taking good decisions in case of project appraisal and determining whether or not to accept the same. Thus we can say that the managers must see which method suits the project most and choose that to ascertain its viability and to understand the relevance of the same(Alexander, 2016). The managers should also NPV in sync with IRR and use both the methods in combination so that there is no scope for the project to fail and the company gets the expected result out of the same. This is what can be concluded from this analysis that both the methods are good in their own ways and must be use accordingly as and when required so that there is no repent in the future in case of the same. References Abbott, M. Kantor, A., 2017. Fair Value Measurement and Mandated Accounting Changes: The Case of the Victorian Rail Track Corporation. Australian accounting Review. Alexander, F., 2016. The Changing Face of Accountability. The Journal of Higher Education, 71(4), pp. 411-431. Belton, P., 2017. Competitive Strategy: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. London: Macat International ltd. Bromwich, M. Scapens, R., 2016. Management Accounting Research: 25 years on. Management Accounting Research, Volume 31, pp. 1-9. Dichev, I., 2017. On the conceptual foundations of financial reporting. Accounting and Business Research, 47(6), pp. 617-632. Guragai, B., Hunt, N., Neri, M. Taylor, E., 2017. Accounting Information Systems and Ethics Research: Review, Synthesis, and the Future. Journal of Information Systems: Summer 2017, 31(2), pp. 65-81. Kew, J. Stredwick, J., 2017. Business Environment: Managing in a Strategic Context. second ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Linden, B. Freeman, R., 2017. Profit and Other Values: Thick Evaluation in Decision Making. Business Ethics Quarterly, 27(3), pp. 353-379. Trieu, V., 2017. Getting value from Business Intelligence systems: A review and research agenda. Decision Support Systems, Volume 93, pp. 111-124. Volkman, D., 1997. A consistent yield-based capital budgeting method. Journal of Financial and Strategic Decisions, 10(3), pp. 75-88. Werner, M., 2017. Financial process mining - Accounting data structure dependent control flow inference. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, Volume 25, pp. 57-80.